When normal cell ( A) damage or stripper ( 2), they experience apoptosis ( 1); cancer cell ( B) avoids apoptosis and always cut x'self.
Cancer is disease in-group ness marked with cell division that is is not in control and ability of the cells to groan other biological network, either with direct growth in adjacent network ( invasion) or with migration of cell to far place ( metastasis). Growth that is is not in control the is caused [by] DNA damage, causes mutation in vital gene controlling cell division. Some fruit of mutations possibly required to change normal cell become cancer cell. The mutations often is resulted chemical agent and also physical of so-called carcinogen. Mutation can happened spontaneously ( obtained) and or is endowed ( mutation germ line).
Cancer can cause many different symptoms, bases on its(the location and character from ferocity and whether there are metastasis. a determining diagnosis usually requires microscopic inspection of network obtained with biopsy. After diagnosed, cancer usually is taken care of with operation, chemotherapy and/or radiation.
when sleazy, most cancer causes death; cancer is one of the root cause death in developing countries. Most cancer can be taken care of and many healed, especially if(when treatment is started [by] since beginning. Multiform of cancer relates to environmental factor that is actually can be avoided. Tobacco smoking can cause many cancers from other environmental factor.
Tumor ( language Latin; swell) refers network mass that is below par, but cans be in the form of " malignant" ( haves the character of cancer) or " tame" ( doesn't have the character of cancer). Only tumor raised hell capable to groan other network and or having metastasis.
diagnose cancer
Most cancer is recognized by sign or symptom seen or through " screening". Second this is not towards to clear diagnosis, usual requires a biopsy. Some cancers is found not intentionally at the time of evaluation in from problem which do not correlate.
Cancer research
Cancer research is scientific business which many elaborated to comprehend disease process and finds enabling therapy. Though understanding of cancer had grows in exponent since last decade from century ke-20, radical new therapy only found and introduced step by step.
Resistor tyrosine kinesis ( imatinib and gefitinib) by the end of 1990-an is assumed [by] a main breakthrough; they bother especially with protein tumor. Antibody monoclonal has proven a big step in treatment ontological.
Monday, June 4, 2007
Influenza
Influenza Disease is one contagions.
Incubation period
Why should infection so comes down with this is 1-3 days.
Symptom
Sudden fever, head cold, throat pain, coughs, muscle pain and headache.
Quarantine or deportation
Patient is suggested to detach x'self or quarantined to be finite of they feel healthier.
Prevention
The elderly or they have chronic disease is suggested immunized.
mutation of Influenza virus
Influenza virus very quickly mutation, so that each time the virus experts must try finds shield which new. A few last years of we recognize flu Hong Kong and in the year 2005 flu bird. These all showing what a difficult of effort for shields to this disease.
Incubation period
Why should infection so comes down with this is 1-3 days.
Symptom
Sudden fever, head cold, throat pain, coughs, muscle pain and headache.
Quarantine or deportation
Patient is suggested to detach x'self or quarantined to be finite of they feel healthier.
Prevention
The elderly or they have chronic disease is suggested immunized.
mutation of Influenza virus
Influenza virus very quickly mutation, so that each time the virus experts must try finds shield which new. A few last years of we recognize flu Hong Kong and in the year 2005 flu bird. These all showing what a difficult of effort for shields to this disease.
Impetigo
Impetigo is one contagions. Impetigo is dermatitis causing the forming of small contained matter ( pustule).
Impetigo very often groans children, especially which hygiene of its(the less body and can emerge in part of body it doesn't matter, but very often is found in face, arm and. At adult, impetigo can happened after other skin disease. Impetigo can also happened after an infection of upper exhalation channel ( for example flu or other virus infection).
Tempo incubation
Time ex until hits disease 1 until 3 day.
Symptom
Small red fleck become blister containing matter and scabby; usually at face, hand or head. Impetigo is having initial as gape cut generating itchy, then blister, releases contents of its is then runs dry and finally forms.
Impetigo is contagion, contagious passed dilution coming from its(the lepuhan.
Level of varies, starts from pea until big ring. this contains brass is accompanied to feels an itch.
Can happened swelling of lymph gland around area infection.
Tempos deportation suggested
Yes, until treatment is started. Abscess must be covered with bandage which waterproof.
Prevention
Cleans hand accurately. Infection can be prevented by looking after hygiene and body health. Light incision or chafed hurt better be washed out with soap and water, when needed with matter anti-bacteria.
To prevent infection:
Avoids contact with dilution coming from in skin
Avoids usage with towel, gold digger or clothes with patient
Always cleans hand after handling skin lesion.
Impetigo very often groans children, especially which hygiene of its(the less body and can emerge in part of body it doesn't matter, but very often is found in face, arm and. At adult, impetigo can happened after other skin disease. Impetigo can also happened after an infection of upper exhalation channel ( for example flu or other virus infection).
Tempo incubation
Time ex until hits disease 1 until 3 day.
Symptom
Small red fleck become blister containing matter and scabby; usually at face, hand or head. Impetigo is having initial as gape cut generating itchy, then blister, releases contents of its is then runs dry and finally forms.
Impetigo is contagion, contagious passed dilution coming from its(the lepuhan.
Level of varies, starts from pea until big ring. this contains brass is accompanied to feels an itch.
Can happened swelling of lymph gland around area infection.
Tempos deportation suggested
Yes, until treatment is started. Abscess must be covered with bandage which waterproof.
Prevention
Cleans hand accurately. Infection can be prevented by looking after hygiene and body health. Light incision or chafed hurt better be washed out with soap and water, when needed with matter anti-bacteria.
To prevent infection:
Avoids contact with dilution coming from in skin
Avoids usage with towel, gold digger or clothes with patient
Always cleans hand after handling skin lesion.
Avian influenza
Virus micrograph image flu bird in end phase.
Flu bird ( English: avian influenza) be contagion which caused by usual virus infects bird and mammal.
Table of contents
1 Source of infection
2 Way of infection
3 Symptom and treatment
4 Spreading case
Epidemic initial 5
6 Sees Also
7 External pranala
Source of infection
Cause flu bird is influenza virus type A disseminating between poultries. This virus then is found can also disseminates to other species like pig, cat, dog, tiger, and man.
Influenza virus type A has some subtype marked existence of Hem agglutinin ( H) and Neuramidase ( Nitrogen). There is 9 variant H and 14 variants N. Virus flu bird is being infectiousing is the existing was subtype H5N1 having incubation time during 3-5 days.
Way of infection
Wild bird and domestication poultry ( livestock) can become source of spreader H5N1. In South-East Asia most case flu bird happened at transportation line or breeding of migration line switching poultry of wild bird.
This virus earns is catching passed air and or contact through food, beverage, and touch. However, this virus will die in high temperature. Therefore flesh, egg, and animal must be cooked ripely to avoid infection. X'self hygiene need to be taken care of also by cleaning hand with antiseptic. Hygiene of body and clothes also need to be taken care of.
Virus can live on at cool temperature. Food-stuff made cool or freezed save virus able to. Hand must be cleaned before and after cooking or touchs raw food-stuff.
Poultry shall not be looked after within doors or residence room. Breeding must be restrained from housing to lessen infection risk.
Not forever if infected virus will generate pain. However, this thing can endanger later because virus always mutation causing has pathogen potency at one time. Therefore, if it is found animal or bird which sudden death the side of authority will make estimation existence of flu bird. To prevent infection, other animal around area having case flu bird need to be annihilated.
Symptom and treatment
Public symptom which can happened is high fever, exhalation sigh and ( possibly) stomach. Virus replication in body can crack on so that patient to need soon gets medical attention.
Medical handling and also drug administration done by medical officer in charge. Drugs that is usually is given is hot decrease and anti virus. Among antivirus which can be applied is type pursuing replication from neuramidase ( neuramidase inhibitor), for example Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) and Zanamivir. Everyone of antivirus has side effects and need to be given during certain causing is required medical doctor opinion.
Spreading case
By 21 Julies 2005, three fatal cases happened in Tangerang, Indonesia, which caused by flu bird subtype H5N1. Differs from other case in South-East Asia ( Thailand, Kamboja, and Vietnam), this case assumed on unique because victim is not many relating to poultry.
Until 29 Novembers 2006, WHO has noted 258 cases with 154 deaths at man who this is viral with detail of as follows ( sees source):
Vietnam — 93 cases with 42 deaths.
Indonesia — 74 cases with 57 deaths ( state with highest death case).
Thailand — 25 cases with 17 deaths.
RRT — 21 cases with 14 deaths.
Egypt — 15 cases with 7 death.
Turkey — 12 cases with 4 death.
Azerbaijan — 8 case with 5 death.
Cambodia — 6 case with 6 death.
Iraq — 3 case with 2 death.
Djibouti — 1 case without death.
Description: number of cases reported by WHO is number of cases which has been verification with result of laboratory.
Beginning of epidemic
Beginning of epidemic at breeding in a world of had been confirmation since December 2003.
Epidemic flu bird also knocks over the Dark Continent. At 8 February 2006, OIE announces Nigeria as first state having positive case of flu bird in that continent. Two weeks then, virus H5N1 is found in a small countryside in Niger, around 72 kms from its(the frontier with Nigeria. This virus also disseminates to Egypt and Cameroon.
December 2003 South Koreas H5n1
January 2004 Vietnam H5N1
Thailand H5N11
North Korea H5n1
Japan H5n1
Laos H5
Cambodia H5n1
Pakistan H7
Taiwan H5N2
Hongkong2 H5N11
Februarys 2004 Vietnam H5N1
Indonesia H5n11
North Korea H5n11
Japan H5n11
RRT H5N11
United States H2n2,h5n2,h7n2
March 2004 Vietnam H5
Canada H7n31
April 2004 Thailand H51
August 2004 Malaysia H5N1
Afrika Selatan H5N2
South African H5n2
April 2005 North Koreas H7
June 2005 Japans H5n2
July 2005 Philippines H5
Russia H5n11
August 2005 Kazakhstan H5
Mongolia H5n11
October 2005 Rumania H5
Turkey H5N11
Croatia H5N11
November 2005 Vietnam H5N11
Flu bird ( English: avian influenza) be contagion which caused by usual virus infects bird and mammal.
Table of contents
1 Source of infection
2 Way of infection
3 Symptom and treatment
4 Spreading case
Epidemic initial 5
6 Sees Also
7 External pranala
Source of infection
Cause flu bird is influenza virus type A disseminating between poultries. This virus then is found can also disseminates to other species like pig, cat, dog, tiger, and man.
Influenza virus type A has some subtype marked existence of Hem agglutinin ( H) and Neuramidase ( Nitrogen). There is 9 variant H and 14 variants N. Virus flu bird is being infectiousing is the existing was subtype H5N1 having incubation time during 3-5 days.
Way of infection
Wild bird and domestication poultry ( livestock) can become source of spreader H5N1. In South-East Asia most case flu bird happened at transportation line or breeding of migration line switching poultry of wild bird.
This virus earns is catching passed air and or contact through food, beverage, and touch. However, this virus will die in high temperature. Therefore flesh, egg, and animal must be cooked ripely to avoid infection. X'self hygiene need to be taken care of also by cleaning hand with antiseptic. Hygiene of body and clothes also need to be taken care of.
Virus can live on at cool temperature. Food-stuff made cool or freezed save virus able to. Hand must be cleaned before and after cooking or touchs raw food-stuff.
Poultry shall not be looked after within doors or residence room. Breeding must be restrained from housing to lessen infection risk.
Not forever if infected virus will generate pain. However, this thing can endanger later because virus always mutation causing has pathogen potency at one time. Therefore, if it is found animal or bird which sudden death the side of authority will make estimation existence of flu bird. To prevent infection, other animal around area having case flu bird need to be annihilated.
Symptom and treatment
Public symptom which can happened is high fever, exhalation sigh and ( possibly) stomach. Virus replication in body can crack on so that patient to need soon gets medical attention.
Medical handling and also drug administration done by medical officer in charge. Drugs that is usually is given is hot decrease and anti virus. Among antivirus which can be applied is type pursuing replication from neuramidase ( neuramidase inhibitor), for example Oseltamivir ( Tamiflu) and Zanamivir. Everyone of antivirus has side effects and need to be given during certain causing is required medical doctor opinion.
Spreading case
By 21 Julies 2005, three fatal cases happened in Tangerang, Indonesia, which caused by flu bird subtype H5N1. Differs from other case in South-East Asia ( Thailand, Kamboja, and Vietnam), this case assumed on unique because victim is not many relating to poultry.
Until 29 Novembers 2006, WHO has noted 258 cases with 154 deaths at man who this is viral with detail of as follows ( sees source):
Vietnam — 93 cases with 42 deaths.
Indonesia — 74 cases with 57 deaths ( state with highest death case).
Thailand — 25 cases with 17 deaths.
RRT — 21 cases with 14 deaths.
Egypt — 15 cases with 7 death.
Turkey — 12 cases with 4 death.
Azerbaijan — 8 case with 5 death.
Cambodia — 6 case with 6 death.
Iraq — 3 case with 2 death.
Djibouti — 1 case without death.
Description: number of cases reported by WHO is number of cases which has been verification with result of laboratory.
Beginning of epidemic
Beginning of epidemic at breeding in a world of had been confirmation since December 2003.
Epidemic flu bird also knocks over the Dark Continent. At 8 February 2006, OIE announces Nigeria as first state having positive case of flu bird in that continent. Two weeks then, virus H5N1 is found in a small countryside in Niger, around 72 kms from its(the frontier with Nigeria. This virus also disseminates to Egypt and Cameroon.
December 2003 South Koreas H5n1
January 2004 Vietnam H5N1
Thailand H5N11
North Korea H5n1
Japan H5n1
Laos H5
Cambodia H5n1
Pakistan H7
Taiwan H5N2
Hongkong2 H5N11
Februarys 2004 Vietnam H5N1
Indonesia H5n11
North Korea H5n11
Japan H5n11
RRT H5N11
United States H2n2,h5n2,h7n2
March 2004 Vietnam H5
Canada H7n31
April 2004 Thailand H51
August 2004 Malaysia H5N1
Afrika Selatan H5N2
South African H5n2
April 2005 North Koreas H7
June 2005 Japans H5n2
July 2005 Philippines H5
Russia H5n11
August 2005 Kazakhstan H5
Mongolia H5n11
October 2005 Rumania H5
Turkey H5N11
Croatia H5N11
November 2005 Vietnam H5N11
Erythema infectious
Erythema Disease infektiosum ( Parvovirus B19) or also recognized as Slapped cheek ( Erythema infectiosum, Fifth disease, Parvovirus B19) be disease infectious.
Tempoh incubation
Time ex until seems to be disease 1 until 2 week.
Symptom
Simple disease: fever, red cheek, fish-net rash and possibly coughs, throat pain or had a cold. If you are pregnant at the time child of you suffers from this soon meets with you medical doctor because possible there are influence to unborn baby.
Tempoh deportation suggested
Not necessarily. This disease very infectious before rash to emerge.
Tempoh incubation
Time ex until seems to be disease 1 until 2 week.
Symptom
Simple disease: fever, red cheek, fish-net rash and possibly coughs, throat pain or had a cold. If you are pregnant at the time child of you suffers from this soon meets with you medical doctor because possible there are influence to unborn baby.
Tempoh deportation suggested
Not necessarily. This disease very infectious before rash to emerge.
Dysentery
Dysentery comes from Greek, that is dys (= trouble) and enteron (= intestine), is meaning chafes intestine generating symptom to extend, mixed mucus faeces of blood [ 1]. Dysentery symptoms for example is:
Defecation with bloody faeces
Watery diarrhoea with volume a few
Defecation with mixed faeces of lender(mucus)
Pain in bone when defecation ( tenesmus)
Etiology
Bacterium ( Dysentery basilar)
Shigella, all important dysentery cause and often (± 60% dysentery case referred and most all heavy dysentery cases and menaces soul because of Shigella [ 2].
Escherichia coli enteroinvasive ( EIEC)
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni, especially at baby
Amoeba ( Dysentery amoeba), caused Entamoeba hystolitica, a more regular at child of age > 5 year
Pathogenesis
Transmission : fecal-oral, through : food / water contamination, person-to-person contact.
Dysentery basiler
Shigella and EIEC
MO --> colonization in ileum terminal’s / colon, especially distal colon ? invasion to cell epitel intestine mucosa --> multiplication --> spreading of intracellular and intercell --> produce of enterotoxin --> ? cAMP --> persecretion of intestine ( liquid diarrhoea, secretion diarrhoea). --> produce of exotoxin ( Shiga toxin) --> cytotoxic --> infiltration of cell chafes --> cell necrosis epitel mucosa --> small ulkus-ulkus --> erythrocyte and plasma go out to gut lumen --> mixed faeces of blood. --> invasion to lamina propia ? --> bacteremia ( especially at infection Sdysenteriae serotype 1)
Salmonella
MO --> colonization in jejunum/ileum/kolon --> invasion to cell epitel intestine mucosa --> invasion to lamina propia --> infiltration of cells chafes --> synthesis Prostaglandin --> produce of heat-labile cholera-like enterotoxin --> invasion to Plak Peyeri --> spreading to KGB mesentery --> hypertrophy --> degradation of blood stream to mucosa --> mucosa necrosis --> ulkus chasm --> erythrocyte and plasma go out to lumen --> mixed faeces of blood.
Campylobacter jejuni
MO --> colonization in jejunum/ileum/kolon --> invasion to cell epitel intestine mucosa --> invasion to lamina propia --> infiltration of cells chafes --> Prostaglandin --> produce of heat-stabile cholera-like enterotoxin --> produce of cytotoxin ?? --> mucosa necrosis --> ulkus --> erythrocyte and plasma go out to lumen --> mixed faeces of blood. --> steps into circulation ( bacteremia).
Dysentery amoeba
Form of histolitika ( trophozoite) --> invasion to cell epitel intestine mucosa --> produce of enzyme histolisin ? intestine mucosa network necrosis --> invasion to stibmucosa network --> ulkus amoeba --> wide ulkus and interaction forms stibmucosa sines --> imbibition surface damage ? malabsorption --> ? mass intraluminal --> osmotic pressure intraluminal --> diarrhoea osmotik.
Manifests clinics
Dysentery basiler
Sudden diarrhoea accompanied by blood and mucus in faeces. At dysentery shigellosis, at pain start, can there is watery diarrhoea without blood in first 6-24 hours, and after 12-72 hours after pain start, got blood and mucus in faeces.
High temperature ( 39,50 - 400 C), appear toxic.
Pukings.
Anorexia.
Muscle-bound pain in stomach and ill in anus when CHAPTER.
Sometime is accompanied with symptom to look like encephalitis and sepsis ( spastic, headache, lethargy, scruff rigid, hallucination).
Dysentery amoeba
Diarrhoea is accompanied [by] blood and mucus in faeces.
Chapter Frequency generally slimmer than dysenteries basiler (= 10x/hari)
Excitement stomachache ( colic)
Constitutional symptom usually not exist ( hot only found by 1/3 cases).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis klinis can be upheld solely by finding mixed faeces of blood. Etiology diagnosis usually difficult to be upheld. Straightening of etiology diagnosis through image of klinis as of difficult eye, while inspection of faeces breeding to know causal agent often not necessarily be done by eating stripper time ( minimum of 2 day) and generally good symptom with therapy antibiotika empiric.
Inspection of supporter which can be done :
inspection of Faeces
Makroskopis : an dysentery amoeba can be upheld if found form of trophozoite in faeces
Benzidin test
Microscopic : fecal leucocyte ( petanda existence of colitis), fecal blood.
Faeces breeding :
Media : that MacConkey, xylose-lysine deoxycholate ( XLD), that SS.
Inspection of routine blood : leucocytosis ( 5000 – 15000 sel/mm3), sometimes detectable leucopenia.
Complicacy
Dehydration
Electrolyte trouble, especially hiponatremia
Spastic
Protein loosing enteropathy
Sepsis and DIC
Syndrome Hemolytic Uremia
Malnutrition / mal absorption
Hypoglycemia
rectal Prolapsed
Reactive arthritis
Syndrome Guillain-barre
Ameboma
Toxic megacolon
Perforation local
Peritonitis
How to do
1. Pays attention to child generality, if(when child of appear toxic, status gizi is less, does inspection of blood ( if possible is accompanied with blood culture) to detect existence of bacterium. If suspected existence of sepsis, gives therapy according sepsis at child. Takes heed existence of sepsis shock. 2. Dysentery therapy component : a. Corrective and maintenance dilution and electrolyte. b. Diet c. Antibiotic d. Sanitary landfill
a. Corrective and maintenance dilution and electrolyte
Like at acute diarrhoea case in general, first thing of which must be paid attention in dysentery after stable situation is assessment and corrective to hydration status and electrolyte balance.
b. Diet
Child of with dysentery must be continued giving of its(the food. Gives high slack diet of calorie and protein to prevent malnutrition. High unit dose of vitellarium ( 200000 IU) can be given to reduce level of hard of dysentery, especially to estimable child experiences deficiencies. To take a short cut disease journey, can be given biotic and preparat zinc oral8,9. In drugs giving, must be paid attention that drugs slowing down gut motility shall not be given caused by risk to lengthen a period of pain.
c. Antibiotic
• Child of with dysentery must be suspected suffers shigellosis and gets therapy appropriate. Therapy with correct antibiotic will lessen a period of pain and reduces risk complicacy and death. • Main choice for Shigelosis ( according to fomentation WHO) : Kotrimokasazol ( trimetoprim 10mg/kbBB/hari and sulfametoksazol 50mg/kgBB/hari) divided into 2 dose, during 5 day. • From result of research, is not got difference of giving benefit of kotrimoksazol compared to placebo10. • Alternative which can be given : o Ampisilin 100mg/kgBB/hari divided into 4 dose o Cefixime 8mg/kgBB/hari divided into 2 dose o Ceftriaxone 50mg/kgBB/hari, unit dose IV or IM o Nalidixic acid 55mg/kgBB/hari divided into 4 dose. • Repair ought to seen in 2 day, for example temperature downwards, ill and blood in faeces decreases, frequency CHAPTER decreases, etc. If(when in 2 day is not happened repair, antibiotic must be stopped and changed with other alternative. • Therapy antiamubik is given with indication : o is Found [by] trophozoite Entamoeba hystolistica in microscopic inspection of faeces. o permanent bloody faeces after therapy with 2 antibiotic successively ( each given for 2 day), effective usual for dysentery basiler. • Therapy selected as antiamubik intestinal at child of is Metronidazol 30-50mg/kgBB/hari divided into 3 dose during 10 days. If(when dysentery of course is because of E.
hystolistica, situation will be good in 2-3 days therapy.
d. Sanitary landfill
? Advises to old fellow child of always cleans hand with cleanness as of pot is clean cleans faeces child of prevent autoinfection.
Defecation with bloody faeces
Watery diarrhoea with volume a few
Defecation with mixed faeces of lender(mucus)
Pain in bone when defecation ( tenesmus)
Etiology
Bacterium ( Dysentery basilar)
Shigella, all important dysentery cause and often (± 60% dysentery case referred and most all heavy dysentery cases and menaces soul because of Shigella [ 2].
Escherichia coli enteroinvasive ( EIEC)
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni, especially at baby
Amoeba ( Dysentery amoeba), caused Entamoeba hystolitica, a more regular at child of age > 5 year
Pathogenesis
Transmission : fecal-oral, through : food / water contamination, person-to-person contact.
Dysentery basiler
Shigella and EIEC
MO --> colonization in ileum terminal’s / colon, especially distal colon ? invasion to cell epitel intestine mucosa --> multiplication --> spreading of intracellular and intercell --> produce of enterotoxin --> ? cAMP --> persecretion of intestine ( liquid diarrhoea, secretion diarrhoea). --> produce of exotoxin ( Shiga toxin) --> cytotoxic --> infiltration of cell chafes --> cell necrosis epitel mucosa --> small ulkus-ulkus --> erythrocyte and plasma go out to gut lumen --> mixed faeces of blood. --> invasion to lamina propia ? --> bacteremia ( especially at infection Sdysenteriae serotype 1)
Salmonella
MO --> colonization in jejunum/ileum/kolon --> invasion to cell epitel intestine mucosa --> invasion to lamina propia --> infiltration of cells chafes --> synthesis Prostaglandin --> produce of heat-labile cholera-like enterotoxin --> invasion to Plak Peyeri --> spreading to KGB mesentery --> hypertrophy --> degradation of blood stream to mucosa --> mucosa necrosis --> ulkus chasm --> erythrocyte and plasma go out to lumen --> mixed faeces of blood.
Campylobacter jejuni
MO --> colonization in jejunum/ileum/kolon --> invasion to cell epitel intestine mucosa --> invasion to lamina propia --> infiltration of cells chafes --> Prostaglandin --> produce of heat-stabile cholera-like enterotoxin --> produce of cytotoxin ?? --> mucosa necrosis --> ulkus --> erythrocyte and plasma go out to lumen --> mixed faeces of blood. --> steps into circulation ( bacteremia).
Dysentery amoeba
Form of histolitika ( trophozoite) --> invasion to cell epitel intestine mucosa --> produce of enzyme histolisin ? intestine mucosa network necrosis --> invasion to stibmucosa network --> ulkus amoeba --> wide ulkus and interaction forms stibmucosa sines --> imbibition surface damage ? malabsorption --> ? mass intraluminal --> osmotic pressure intraluminal --> diarrhoea osmotik.
Manifests clinics
Dysentery basiler
Sudden diarrhoea accompanied by blood and mucus in faeces. At dysentery shigellosis, at pain start, can there is watery diarrhoea without blood in first 6-24 hours, and after 12-72 hours after pain start, got blood and mucus in faeces.
High temperature ( 39,50 - 400 C), appear toxic.
Pukings.
Anorexia.
Muscle-bound pain in stomach and ill in anus when CHAPTER.
Sometime is accompanied with symptom to look like encephalitis and sepsis ( spastic, headache, lethargy, scruff rigid, hallucination).
Dysentery amoeba
Diarrhoea is accompanied [by] blood and mucus in faeces.
Chapter Frequency generally slimmer than dysenteries basiler (= 10x/hari)
Excitement stomachache ( colic)
Constitutional symptom usually not exist ( hot only found by 1/3 cases).
Diagnosis
Diagnosis klinis can be upheld solely by finding mixed faeces of blood. Etiology diagnosis usually difficult to be upheld. Straightening of etiology diagnosis through image of klinis as of difficult eye, while inspection of faeces breeding to know causal agent often not necessarily be done by eating stripper time ( minimum of 2 day) and generally good symptom with therapy antibiotika empiric.
Inspection of supporter which can be done :
inspection of Faeces
Makroskopis : an dysentery amoeba can be upheld if found form of trophozoite in faeces
Benzidin test
Microscopic : fecal leucocyte ( petanda existence of colitis), fecal blood.
Faeces breeding :
Media : that MacConkey, xylose-lysine deoxycholate ( XLD), that SS.
Inspection of routine blood : leucocytosis ( 5000 – 15000 sel/mm3), sometimes detectable leucopenia.
Complicacy
Dehydration
Electrolyte trouble, especially hiponatremia
Spastic
Protein loosing enteropathy
Sepsis and DIC
Syndrome Hemolytic Uremia
Malnutrition / mal absorption
Hypoglycemia
rectal Prolapsed
Reactive arthritis
Syndrome Guillain-barre
Ameboma
Toxic megacolon
Perforation local
Peritonitis
How to do
1. Pays attention to child generality, if(when child of appear toxic, status gizi is less, does inspection of blood ( if possible is accompanied with blood culture) to detect existence of bacterium. If suspected existence of sepsis, gives therapy according sepsis at child. Takes heed existence of sepsis shock. 2. Dysentery therapy component : a. Corrective and maintenance dilution and electrolyte. b. Diet c. Antibiotic d. Sanitary landfill
a. Corrective and maintenance dilution and electrolyte
Like at acute diarrhoea case in general, first thing of which must be paid attention in dysentery after stable situation is assessment and corrective to hydration status and electrolyte balance.
b. Diet
Child of with dysentery must be continued giving of its(the food. Gives high slack diet of calorie and protein to prevent malnutrition. High unit dose of vitellarium ( 200000 IU) can be given to reduce level of hard of dysentery, especially to estimable child experiences deficiencies. To take a short cut disease journey, can be given biotic and preparat zinc oral8,9. In drugs giving, must be paid attention that drugs slowing down gut motility shall not be given caused by risk to lengthen a period of pain.
c. Antibiotic
• Child of with dysentery must be suspected suffers shigellosis and gets therapy appropriate. Therapy with correct antibiotic will lessen a period of pain and reduces risk complicacy and death. • Main choice for Shigelosis ( according to fomentation WHO) : Kotrimokasazol ( trimetoprim 10mg/kbBB/hari and sulfametoksazol 50mg/kgBB/hari) divided into 2 dose, during 5 day. • From result of research, is not got difference of giving benefit of kotrimoksazol compared to placebo10. • Alternative which can be given : o Ampisilin 100mg/kgBB/hari divided into 4 dose o Cefixime 8mg/kgBB/hari divided into 2 dose o Ceftriaxone 50mg/kgBB/hari, unit dose IV or IM o Nalidixic acid 55mg/kgBB/hari divided into 4 dose. • Repair ought to seen in 2 day, for example temperature downwards, ill and blood in faeces decreases, frequency CHAPTER decreases, etc. If(when in 2 day is not happened repair, antibiotic must be stopped and changed with other alternative. • Therapy antiamubik is given with indication : o is Found [by] trophozoite Entamoeba hystolistica in microscopic inspection of faeces. o permanent bloody faeces after therapy with 2 antibiotic successively ( each given for 2 day), effective usual for dysentery basiler. • Therapy selected as antiamubik intestinal at child of is Metronidazol 30-50mg/kgBB/hari divided into 3 dose during 10 days. If(when dysentery of course is because of E.
hystolistica, situation will be good in 2-3 days therapy.
d. Sanitary landfill
? Advises to old fellow child of always cleans hand with cleanness as of pot is clean cleans faeces child of prevent autoinfection.
Case load
* Addison - lacking of adrenal gland hormone.
* Wind Ahmar ( stroke)
Antrax - disease haiwan is sodium.
* Apendik
Aphasia - communication problem is caused [by] kerosakan nerve.
Womb jetty boil ( cancer cervix)
* Lung boil
* Boil virgin.
* Boil chest virgin - technique.
Coughs kokol - Pertussis
Kidney
High Blood
* High blood
Fever Denggi
Yellow fever
* Epilepsy Fever
Diphtheria - infection bacteria at tonsil.
* Dementia - forgetful.
Dyslexia - problem reads and writes.
Ebola - hemorrhage from all caves roma.
G6pd
Glaucoma - high pressure in eye
Hepatitis A - liver disease
Hepatitis B - liver disease
* Secondary hypertension.
* Hypertiroid - ( production of abundant thyroid hormone).
* Hypotiroid - ( less thyroid hormone).
Influenza
Insomnia - problem to sleep.
* Infection of Urethra
Heart Pain ( Heart Coronary)
Kaedah designs family
Tooth clasp ( Tetanus)
* Cancer
Cataract - membrane at eye
* Pregnancy
Diabetes ( diabetes)
Catheter Cardiac
Foot-and-mouth disease at man
Sleeping sickness
* Tired / Asthma
Malaria
Movement Problem of Periodic Member ( Periodical of Limb Movement Disorder ( PLMD)).
Problem to sleep.
* Distress Boy Dieback In Keeping quiet
* Dieback - A Thousand And One The About Viagra
Family design
Meningitis
* Menorrhagia - Abundant menstruation blood.
Narcolepsy - problem to sleep.
Osteoporosis - bone decay disease
Surgery Caesarean
Venereal disease
Pneumonia
Polio
Porphyries - blue urine disease.
Prolaktinoma - plant dims in pituitary gland
* Benign Prostates Hyperplasia ( BPH)
* Prostate
* Menopause
Syndrome Cushing - Abundant of cortical hormone.
Syndrome Down - disease baka
Toxic Surprise Syndrome
Anxious Foot/Feet Syndrome ( Restless Leg Syndrome ( RLS)).
Toxic Surprise Syndrome
Systematical of Lupus Erythematosus ( SLE / LUPUS)
Stroke
* Thalasemia – disease baka annihilates red blood cell
Test PAP SMEAR
* Backbone Pain.
* Fact About Influenza
Dirt Filter Kidney In Body
* Retrieval Importance of Food Is having special quality
* Disease Often Is Faced Boy
* The Importance Of Vaccination For Common Disease
* A Thousand And One The About Viagra
* Deadly still Murderer Pressure
* Wind Ahmar ( stroke)
Antrax - disease haiwan is sodium.
* Apendik
Aphasia - communication problem is caused [by] kerosakan nerve.
Womb jetty boil ( cancer cervix)
* Lung boil
* Boil virgin.
* Boil chest virgin - technique.
Coughs kokol - Pertussis
Kidney
High Blood
* High blood
Fever Denggi
Yellow fever
* Epilepsy Fever
Diphtheria - infection bacteria at tonsil.
* Dementia - forgetful.
Dyslexia - problem reads and writes.
Ebola - hemorrhage from all caves roma.
G6pd
Glaucoma - high pressure in eye
Hepatitis A - liver disease
Hepatitis B - liver disease
* Secondary hypertension.
* Hypertiroid - ( production of abundant thyroid hormone).
* Hypotiroid - ( less thyroid hormone).
Influenza
Insomnia - problem to sleep.
* Infection of Urethra
Heart Pain ( Heart Coronary)
Kaedah designs family
Tooth clasp ( Tetanus)
* Cancer
Cataract - membrane at eye
* Pregnancy
Diabetes ( diabetes)
Catheter Cardiac
Foot-and-mouth disease at man
Sleeping sickness
* Tired / Asthma
Malaria
Movement Problem of Periodic Member ( Periodical of Limb Movement Disorder ( PLMD)).
Problem to sleep.
* Distress Boy Dieback In Keeping quiet
* Dieback - A Thousand And One The About Viagra
Family design
Meningitis
* Menorrhagia - Abundant menstruation blood.
Narcolepsy - problem to sleep.
Osteoporosis - bone decay disease
Surgery Caesarean
Venereal disease
Pneumonia
Polio
Porphyries - blue urine disease.
Prolaktinoma - plant dims in pituitary gland
* Benign Prostates Hyperplasia ( BPH)
* Prostate
* Menopause
Syndrome Cushing - Abundant of cortical hormone.
Syndrome Down - disease baka
Toxic Surprise Syndrome
Anxious Foot/Feet Syndrome ( Restless Leg Syndrome ( RLS)).
Toxic Surprise Syndrome
Systematical of Lupus Erythematosus ( SLE / LUPUS)
Stroke
* Thalasemia – disease baka annihilates red blood cell
Test PAP SMEAR
* Backbone Pain.
* Fact About Influenza
Dirt Filter Kidney In Body
* Retrieval Importance of Food Is having special quality
* Disease Often Is Faced Boy
* The Importance Of Vaccination For Common Disease
* A Thousand And One The About Viagra
* Deadly still Murderer Pressure
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