Tetanus

Tetanus disease is one of dangerous infection because influencing nerve blood-vessel system and muscle. Said tetanus taken away from Greek that is tetanos from teinein is meaning strained. This disease is infection disease where spasme tonic muscle and hyperreflexia causes trismus ( lockjaw), spasme public muscle, curved of back ( opistotonus), glottal spasme, spastic and spasme and respiration paralysis.

Pathogenesis and pato physiology


Tetanus is caused [by] neurotoxin ( tetanospasmin) from anaerobe gram-positive bacteria, Clostridium tetani, originallyly finite 1 of 2 week after inoculation form of spore into body blood experiencing wounded ( incubation period). This disease is 1 from 4 important disease which manifests main clinics is result from exotoxin strength influence ( tetanus, gas gangrene, diphtheria, botulism).


Bacterium Clostridium this tetani many found in land, night soil and looking after animal and in agriculture area. Place of the entry of this disease germ can in the form of in hurt relating to damage of local network, planted of foreign object or sepsis with contamination of land, small and [shallow/ superficial] chafed or shift hurt contamination by land, trauma at hand finger or toe relating to phalanx break and hurt at surgery.


THERAPY

To neutralize poison, given immunoglobulin tetanus. Antibiotic tetracycline and penicillin given to prevent forming of further poison.


Other drug can be given to make calm patient, controls spastic and loosens muscles.


Patient usually is taken care of in hospital and placed in calm room. For middle infection until weight, may be necessary is attached ventilator to assist exhalation. Food is given [by] through infusion or tubing nasogastrik. To throw away dirt, attached catheter. Patient better lie down rotation of sinistrorse incline or dextrorse and forced to cough to prevent the happening of pneumonia.


To lessen pain in bone is given [by] codeine. Other drug can be given to control blood pressure and heartbeat.


After recovering, must be given complete vaccination because infection of tetanus doesn't give impenetrability to the next infection.


PROGNOSIS


Tetanus has mortality until 50%. Death of its happened at a real young patient, very old and injection drug consumer.


If the symptom deteriorated immediately or if therapy delays, hence its(the ugly prognosis.


PREVENTION

Prevents tetanus through vaccination is far better than curing it. At children, tetanus vaccine given as part of vaccine DPT ( diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus). Adult better receive booster


At someone who is having hurt, if:


Has received booster tetanus during 5 last year, not necessarily experience further vaccination


Have never received booster during 5 last year, soon is given vaccination


Have never experienced its(the vaccination or vaccination is incomplete, given injection immunoglobulin first tetanus and injection from vaccination 3 monthly.


Every hurt ( especially rough poke hurt which in) must be cleaned circumspectly because dirt and death network will water down growth of bacterium Clostridium tetani.